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Cost of Living

The Most Affordable Metro Areas (ACS 2024)

Using ACS 2020-2024 estimates, I ranked metros where housing costs are low relative to typical household income.

January 30, 202610 min read
J
By John (john@usaviz.com)

Affordability isn’t just about income. It’s about what that income buys you.

When the new ACS 5-year (2020-2024) file lands, I end up doing the same thing every time. I look for the places where the housing math still works. Not perfectly. Not magically. Just... where the gap between paychecks and prices hasn’t completely blown out.

This is a map-scan and a shortlist builder. It finds metros where home values and rents are low relative to household income, then points you to the real work (neighborhoods, jobs, schools, insurance, taxes, commuting) with a smaller set of candidates.


What this is (and isn’t)

The ACS 5-year estimates combine responses across 2020-2024. That makes them one of the best public sources we have for metro-level comparisons, but it also means they move slowly.

I treat this like a time-lapse, not breaking news.

And it’s not a full cost-of-living index. Housing is the biggest line item for most households, but taxes, childcare, transportation, and insurance can dominate depending on your situation. Use this as a shortlist, not a verdict.


The quick answer

I filtered to Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) with population ≥ 250K (about 196 metros), then ranked them two ways:

  • Home value ÷ income: median home value divided by median household income (lower is better).
  • Rent ÷ income (annual): annualized median rent (rent × 12) divided by median household income (lower is better).

These are median-of-medians comparisons. Useful for scanning the map. Not precise enough to settle an argument about a specific neighborhood.


Top 10 metros by home value ÷ income

Peer median (metros in this set): 3.71× · U.S. overall: 4.12×

If you only look at one ratio, look at this one. It’s the simplest “how detached is the housing market from local incomes?” read I know how to do with one line of math.

Swipe to scroll

RankMetroPopulationMedian incomeMedian home valueHome value ÷ incomeMedian rentRent ÷ income (annual)Rent-burdened (≥30%)
1Peoria, IL363.1K$77.8K$168.2K2.16×$95914.8%42.7%
2Rockford, IL335.4K$71.1K$165K2.32×$1.1K18.0%47.9%
3Syracuse, NY660.6K$78.1K$191.2K2.45×$1.1K16.7%48.5%
4Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH371.7K$61.6K$153.4K2.49×$86616.9%47.0%
5Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX397.7K$67.4K$169.1K2.51×$1.1K20.0%49.8%
6Utica-Rome, NY289.5K$71K$178.2K2.51×$93715.8%44.1%
7Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL380.7K$75.6K$190.9K2.52×$95815.2%44.7%
8Youngstown-Warren, OH417.6K$58.6K$148.1K2.53×$81216.6%46.9%
9Brownsville-Harlingen, TX

Home value ÷ income (top 10 metros, pop ≥ 250K)

This placePeer medianU.S.
Peoria, IL

2.2× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Rockford, IL

2.3× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Syracuse, NY

2.4× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH

2.5× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX

2.5× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Utica-Rome, NY

2.5× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL

2.5× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Youngstown-Warren, OH

2.5× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

Brownsville-Harlingen, TX

2.6× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX

2.6× • Peer median 3.7× • US 4.1×


Top 10 metros by rent ÷ income

Peer median (metros in this set): 19.7% · U.S. overall: 21.0%

Rent is where the squeeze shows up first for a lot of people. And even in places that look “cheap” on paper, rent burden can stay stubbornly high.

Swipe to scroll

RankMetroPopulationMedian incomeMedian home valueHome value ÷ incomeMedian rentRent ÷ income (annual)Rent-burdened (≥30%)
1Cedar Rapids, IA276.6K$81.9K$216.5K2.64×$94913.9%40.9%
2Sioux Falls, SD-MN296.5K$84.2K$301.6K3.58×$1K14.6%40.0%
3Green Bay, WI338.3K$82.6K$263.6K3.19×$1K14.6%39.7%
4Peoria, IL363.1K$77.8K$168.2K2.16×$95914.8%42.7%
5Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA731.5K$91.7K$277.9K3.03×$1.1K14.9%43.4%
6Fargo, ND-MN260.3K$79.8K$290.3K3.64×$1K15.1%41.9%
7Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL380.7K$75.6K$190.9K2.52×$95815.2%44.7%
8Utica-Rome, NY289.5K$71K$178.2K2.51×$93715.8%44.1%
9Pittsburgh, PA

Rent ÷ income (annual, top 10 metros, pop ≥ 250K)

This placePeer medianU.S.
Cedar Rapids, IA

13.9% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Sioux Falls, SD-MN

14.6% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Green Bay, WI

14.6% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Peoria, IL

14.8% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA

14.9% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Fargo, ND-MN

15.1% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL

15.2% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Utica-Rome, NY

15.8% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Pittsburgh, PA

16.0% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%

Canton-Massillon, OH

16.1% • Peer median 19.7% • US 21.0%


How to read this (before you pack boxes)

  • Rent-burdened % matters. Even “affordable” metros can have a lot of renters paying 30%+ of income toward rent.
  • Housing stock differs. Low median home values can reflect older homes, slower growth, or fewer high-end sales.
  • Metros vary in shape. CBSAs can include a wide mix of city + suburb + exurb.

Explore your metro

  • Browse metros: /metros
  • Example: Peoria, IL

Methodology & sources

  • Income, home values, and rent: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year (data year 2024).
  • Metro definitions: Census Bureau / OMB Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs).
  • Filters: Metropolitan Statistical Areas with population ≥ 250K.
  • Caveats: This is not a full cost-of-living index. Use this as a shortlist, not a verdict.

Closing thought

I like rankings, but I care about what they help us notice.

Housing is the biggest line item in most budgets. In a lot of the country, it’s been pulling away from income for years. This list is a small set of places where that relationship still looks relatively intact.

If you’re curious, pick a metro you know well and compare it to the peer median. Sometimes the story is exactly what you expect. Sometimes it isn’t.

425.7K
$54.1K
$138.8K
2.57×
$932
20.7%
50.2%
10McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX891.9K$54.7K$141K2.58×$93120.4%49.0%
2.4M
$80.2K
$231.7K
2.89×
$1.1K
16.0%
43.1%
10Canton-Massillon, OH391.9K$68.3K$181.1K2.65×$91616.1%41.4%